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en:inventar [2019/01/18 17:11]
admin 		en:inventar [2021/11/08 15:10] (aktuell)
Zeile 1: Zeile 1:
 +===== Inventory ======
 +
 +  * **[[Ordnungskriterien|Criteria]]**
 +
 +  * **[[Legende|Legend]]**
 +
 +\\ **If you are not familiar with German, please go first to [[Legend]] ​ where you will find most of the specific expressions and technical terms in both languages. This will allow you to understand the main content of the entries more easily.**
 +
 +
 +===== Flutes without keys =====
 +
 +1-2 parts. Cylindrical bore. Flute type from the 16th and 17th century (so-called Renaissance flutes). Usually thin-walled,​ with 6 finger holes and a (small) mouth hole. Only a few original instruments from this period have been preserved. They were used for military as well as for civil purposes and built in different lengths and pitches. Very often they were played together with drum, but also with other instruments or as a so-called flute consort (discant, tenor, bass).
 +
 +|**Obj. No.**|**Manufacturer**|**Type of Instrument**|**Year of Manufacture**| + **Sound Sample**|
 +|[[2016-1]]|Boaz Berney, Montreal /CA |Tenor - Flöte in C nach Giovanni Bassano| 2004|
 +|[[2016-3]]|Benjamin Glauser / Ulrich Halder, Basel /CH |Tenor - Flöte in C |2016|in Vorbereitung|
 +|[[2008-4]]|Friedrich von Huene, Boston /USA | Tenor - Flöte in C |um 1965 |
 +
 +===== Flutes with 1 (- 2) keys =====
 +
 +In the last third of the 17th century, first transverse flutes appeared in three parts (head joint, central joint (corpus) and food joint), with a cylindrical bore in the head joint, a conical bore in the corpus and an additional 7th tone hole for D sharp/E flat in the foot joint, operating with a key to close and open the hole. From about 1720, four-part flutes were built, with a corpus(center joint) now divided into a upper center joint with three finger (tone) holes for the left hand, and a lower center joint (the so-called ‘heart joint’)with three finger (tone) holes for the right hand. This allows the use of alternative upper center joints (so-called ‘corps de rechange’)in different lengths, in order to change the pitch of the flute.
 +
 +|**Obj. No.**|**Manufacturer**|**Type of Instrument**|**Year of Manufacture**| + **Sound Sample**|
 +|[[2006 - 5]]| Rudolf Tutz, Innsbruck /A |1 Klappen-Flöte in C nach Jacques Martin Hotteterre (um 1700)|2005 |Hotteterre:​|[[2006 - 5]]|
 +|[[2014 - 6]]| Giovanni Tardino, Basel /CH |1 Klappen-Flöte in C nach Jacques Martin Hotteterre (um 1700)|um 1990|Hotteterre:​|[[2014 - 6]]|
 +|[[2007 - 7]]| Andreas Glatt, Beert /B |1 Klappen-Flöte in C nach Pierre Naust, Paris (um 1710) |2007|Blavet:​|[[2007 - 7]]|
 +|[[2019-269]]| Neidhart Bousset, Berlin /D| 1 Klappen-Flöte in C, nach J. H. Eichentopf, Leipzig (um 1720), 1 corps de rechange| um 1970|J. S. Bach|[[2019-269]]|
 +|[[2016 - 8]] D| Ricardo Simian, Basel /CH|1 Klappen-Flöte in C nach Antoine Delerablée,​ Paris (anf. 18. Jhdt); Prototyp in 3D|2016|
 +|[[2015 - 9]]| Martin Wenner, Singen /D| 1 Klappen-Flöte in C nach Carlo Palanca, Torino (um 1750)|um 2000|Platti:​|[[2015 - 9]]|
 +|[[2007 - 10]]| Gerhard Kowalewsky, Ostbargumland/​D | 1 Klappen-Flöte in C nach Carlo Palanca, Torino (um 1750)|um 1990|
 +|[[2010 - 11]]|Martin Wenner, Singen /D|2 Klappen-Flöte in C nach Johann Joachm Quantz, Berlin (um 1740)|2010|C.Ph.E.Bach:​|[[2010 - 11]]|
 +|[[2004 - 12]]|Rudolf Tutz, Innsbruck /A|1 Klappen-Flöte in C nach G. A. Rottenburgh,​ Brüssel (um 1750)| um 1990|Leclair:​|[[2004 - 12]]|
 +|[[2007 - 13]]|Rudolf Tutz, Innsbruck /A|1 Klappen-Flöte in C nach G. A. Rottenburgh,​ Brüssel (um 1750), Elfenbein|um 1974|Leclair:​|[[2007 - 13]]|
 +|[[2015 - 14]]|Rudolf Tutz, Innsbruck /A|1 Klappen-Flöte in C nach Jacob Denner, Nürnberg (um 1720)|1999|Händel:​|[[2015 - 14]]|
 +|[[2004 - 15]]|Aulos, Japan  /J|1 Klappen-Flöte in C nach Th. Stanesby jun., London (um 1730)|um 2000|Händel|[[2004 - 15]]|
 +|[[2008 - 16]]|Aulos, Japan  /J|1 Klappen-Flöte in C nach C. A. Grenser, Dresden (um 1785)|um 2000|
 +|[[2007 - 17]]|Henry Kusder, London ​ /GB|1 Klappen-Flöte in C|um 1780|
 +|[[2007 - 18]]|Longman & Broderip, London ​ /GB|1 Klappen-Flöte in C|um 1780|Joh. Chr. Bach|[[2007 - 18]]|
 +|[[2020 - 283]]|John Mason, London /GB|1 Klappen-Flöte in C|um 1750|
 +|[[2020 - 284]]|William Cotton, London /GB|1 Klappen-Flöte in C|um 1760|G. F. Händel|[[2020 - 284]]|
 +|[[2010 - 19]]|Bühner & Keller, Strasbourg ​ /F|1 Klappen-Flöte in C|anf. 19. Jhdt|J. B. Vanhal|[[2010 - 19]]|
 +|[[2005 - 20]]|Firth, Hall and Pond, New York  /USA|1 Klappen-Flöte in C|um 1840|
 +|[[2015 - 21]]|Iacob Streulli, Horgen /CH|1 Klappen-Flöte in C|anf. 19. Jhdt|
 +|[[2019-278]]|Georg Caspar Felchlin, Bern /CH|1 Klappen-Flöte in C|1. Viertel 19. Jhdt|
 +|[[2019-286]]|Georg Caspar Felchlin, Bern /CH|1 Klappen-Flöte in C, 3 corps de rechange|1. Viertel 19. Jhdt|in Vorbereitung|
 +|[[2014SB-22]]|Andreas Greve, Mannheim /D|1 Klappen-Flöte in C, Nr. 550|anf. 19. Jhdt|Mozart:​|[[2014SB-22]]|
 +|[[2018-250]]|Andreas Greve, Mannheim /D|1 Klappen-Flöte in C, 2 corps de rechange, Nr. 683|anf. 19. Jhdt|
 +|[[2019-277]]|Martin Lot, Paris /F|1 Klappen-Flöte in C |um 1750|J. B. Loeillet|[[2019-277]]|
 +|[[2014SB-23]]|Camus,​ Paris /F|1 Klappen-Flöte in C, 2 corps de rechange|anf. 19. Jhdt|
 +|[[2014SB-24]]|G. A. Browne, London/GB|1 Klappen-Flöte in C, 2 corps de rechange|anf. 19. Jhdt|
 +|[[2014SB-25]]|Anonym,​ Herkunft unbekannt|1 Klappen-Flöte in C, Elfenbein|2. Hälfte 18. Jhdt (?)|
 +|[[2014SB-26]] D|Küng, Schaffhausen /CH|1 Klappen-Flöte in C|um 1950|
 +|[[2014SB-27]] D|Anonym, Herkunft unbekannt|1 Klappen-Flöte in C|Datierung unbekannt|
 +|[[2014SB-28]] D|Anonym, Herkunft unbekannt|1 Klappen-Flöte in C|Datierung unbekannt|
 +
 +
 +===== Flutes with 4 - 6 keys =====
 +
 +Around 1760 in England first flutes with additional tone holes and corresponding keys were built. This improved the sound quality of F, G sharp and B flat by avoiding the previously necessary so-called fork fingerings. Some years later tone holes and respective keys for C sharp and C were added to the already existing D sharp in the foot joint. For flutes with a foot joint going down to D, the 4 keys usually produce D sharp, F, G sharp and B flat; flutes with 5-6 keys have in addition C2 and / or long-F. For 6 key flutes with a foot joint going down to C, C sharp and C are added to the 4 standard keys.
 +
 +|**Obj. No.**|**Manufacturer**|**Type of Instrument**|**Year of Manufacture**| + **Sound Sample**|
 +|[[2014SB-29]]|George Astor, London /GB|6 Klappen-Flöte in C|um 1800|
 +|[[2014SB-30]]|Richard Potter, London /GB|6 Klappen-Flöte in C, Modell für Linkshänder|1777|Haydn:​|[[2014SB-30]]|
 +|[[2005-31]]|Potter,​ London /GB|6 Klappen-Flöte in C|um 1800|
 +|[[2007-32]]|Pietro Grassi Florio, London /GB|6 Klappen-Flöte in C|um 1790|Beethoven:​|[[2007-32]]|
 +|[[2004-33]]|Imlay,​ London /GB|4 Klappen-Flöte in C|um 1850|
 +|[[2015-34]]|Rudolf Tutz, Innsbruck /A|4 Klappen-Flöte in C nach C. A. Grenser, Dresden (um 1790)|um 1995|Abel:​|[[2015-34]]|
 +|[[2013-35]]|Georg Caspar Felchlin, Bern /CH|4 Klappen-Flöte in C| 1. Viertel 19. Jhdt|
 +|[[2016-36]]|Joseph Carl Anton Felchlin, Bern /CH|5 Klappen-Flöte in C|um 1840|
 +|[[2018-253]]|Johann Andreas Mollenhauer,​ Fulda /D |6 Klappen-Flöte in C, Modell 'Boehm 1829'​|Mitte 19. Jhdt||
 +|[[2014SB-37]]|Wilhelm Liebel, Dresden /D|4 Klappen-Flöte in C|erste Hälfte 19. Jhdt|
 +|[[2019-279]]|Johann Georg Braun, Mannheim /D|4 Klappen-Flöte in C|um 1820|F. Mendelssohn|[[2019-279]]|
 +|[[2014SB-38]]|Greve,​ Mannheim /D|6 Klappen-Flöte in C|Mitte 19. Jhdt|
 +|[[2014SB-39]]|Bühner & Keller, Strasbourg /F|4 Klappen-Flöte in C|1. Drittel 19. Jhdt|Mozart:​|[[2014SB-39]]|
 +|[[2014SB-40]]|Bühner & Keller, Strasbourg /F|5 Klappen-Flöte in C|um 1840|
 +|[[2014SB-41]]|Claude Laurent, Paris /F| 4 Klappen-Flöte in C, Kristallglas|um 1815|Devienne:​|[[2014SB-41]]|
 +|[[2014SB-42]]|Clair Godfroy ainé, Paris /F|5 Klappen-Flöte in C, Nr. 1737|um 1824|Hugot:​|[[2014SB-42]]|
 +|[[2007-43]]|Clair Godfroy ainé, Paris /F|5 Klappen-Flöte in C, Nr. 3084|um 1827/28|
 +|[[2004SB-44]]|Clair Godfroy ainé, Paris /F|5 Klappen-Flöte in C, Nr. 4004|um 1831|
 +|[[2018-259]]|Godfroy,​ ainé, Paris /F|4 Klappen-Flöte in C|um 1830|F. Devienne|[[2018-259]]|
 +|[[2004-45]]|Thibouville Frères, Ivry-la-Bataille ​ /F|5 Klappen-Flöte in C| anf. 20. Jhdt|
 +|[[2014SB-46]] D|Triebert, Paris /F|5 Klappen-Flöte in C|Mitte (?) 19. Jhdt|
 +|[[2014SB-47]]|Tibouvile Frères, Paris /F|5 Klappen-Flöte in C|1. Drittel 19. Jhdt|
 +|[[2014SB-48]]| Jérome Thibouville-Lamy,​ Paris /F|5 Klappen-Flöte in C|Ende 19. Jhdt|
 +|[[2018-249]]|Delaigue,​ Marseille /F|6 Klappen-Flöte in C|1. Hälfte (?) 19. Jhdt|
 +|[[2014SB-49]] D|Thibouville - Cabart, Paris /F|5 Klappen-Flöte in C|anf. 20. Jhdt|
 +|[[2014SB-50]] D|Eugène Thibouville,​ Ivry-la-Bataille,​ /F|5 Klappen-Flöte in C| anf. 20. Jhdt|
 +|[[2014SB-51]] D|Eugène Thibouville,​ Ivry-la-Bataille ​ /F|5 Klappen-Flöte in C|anf. 20. Jhdt|
 +|[[2014SB-52]] D|Gautrot ainé, Paris  /F|5 Klappen-Flöte in C|2. Hälfte 20. Jhdt|
 +|[[2014SB-53]] D|Fernand Chapelain & Cie., La Couture ​ /F|5 Klappen-Flöte in C|um 1900|
 +|[[2014SB-54]] D|Prosper Colas, Paris  /F|5 Klappen-Flöte in C|2. Hälfte 19. Jhdt|
 +|[[2014SB-55]] D|Anonym, Frankreich ​ /F|6 Klappen-Flöte in C|anf. 20. Jhdt|
 +|[[2014SB-56]] D|Anonym, Frankreich ​ /F|6 Klappen-Flöte in C|um 1900|
 +|[[2014SB-57]]|Henn,​ Genève ​ /CH|6 Klappen-Flöte in C|Ende 19. Jhdt|
 +|[[2014SB-58]] D|Gebr. HUG, Basel  /CH|6 Klappen-Flöte in C|anf. 20. Jhdt|
 +|[[2014SB-59]] D|HUG Frères, Zürich ​ /CH| 6 Klappen-Flöte in C|anf. 20. Jhdt|
 +|[[2014SB-60]] D|Mollenhauer,​ Fulda  /D|5 Klappen-Flöte in C|etwa Mitte 19. Jhdt|
 +|[[2014SB-61]] D|Schuster & Co., Markneukirchen ​ /D|6 Klappen-Flöte in C|1. Drittel 20. Jhdt|
 +|[[2014SB-62]] D|Anonym, Deutschland /D|6 Klappen-Flöte in C|anf. 20. Jhdt|
 +|[[2014SB-63]] D|Anonym, Deutschland ​ /D|6 Klappen-Flöte in C|anf. 20. Jhdt|
 +|[[2014SB-64]] D|Anonym, Deutschland ​ /D|6 Klappen-Flöte in C| 1. Drittel 20. Jhdt|
 +
 +
 +===== Flutes with 7 – 12 keys =====
 +
 +From about 1783 further keys were added to the 4 - 6 key flutes, especially a second key  for F (with a long handle, for the little finger of the left hand) and one for C (usually for the index finger of the right hand). The concept of this 8-keyed flute – now  generally with a foot joint to C – was  in use far beyond the invention of the '​modern'​ flute by Theobald Boehm (from 1832), but often complemented by additional keys for  trills, for alternative fingerings (often in the form of additional levers to existing keys) and by an extension of the foot joint with keys down to B, B flat, A or (rarely) G.  ​
 +
 +|**Obj. No.**|**Manufacturer**|**Type of Instrument**|**Year of Manufacture**| + **Sound Sample**|
 +|[[2014SB-65]]|Rudall & Rose, London /GB|8 Klappen-Flöte in C|um 1840|in Vorbereitung|
 +|[[2009-66]]|Clementi & Co., London ​ /GB|8 Klappen-Flöte in C, Modell '​Nicholson Improved'​|um 1830|Nicholson:​|[[2009-66]]|
 +|[[2006-67]]|Thomas Prowse, London ​ /GB|8 Klappen-Flöte in C, Modell '​Nicholson Improved'​|um 1835|
 +|[[2009-68]]|Richard Potter, London ​ /GB|8 Klappen-Flöte in C|um 1800|Mozart:​|[[2009-68]]|
 +|[[2009-69]]|Metzler,​ London ​ /GB|8 Klappen-Flöte in C|1. Drittel 19. Jhdt|
 +|[[2013-70]]|Monzani & Co., London ​ /GB|11 Klappen-Flöte in C|1827|Monzani:​|[[2013-70]]|
 +|[[2013-71]]|Jacob Georg Larshoff, Copenhagen ​ /DK|8 Klappen-Flöte in C|1. Drittel 19. Jhdt|Kuhlau:​|[[2013-71]]|
 +|[[2011-72]]|Christian Wilhelm Liebel, Dresden ​ /D|8 Klappen-Flöte in C|um 1840|C.M.v.Weber:​|[[2011-72]]|
 +|[[2004-73]]|Johann Andreas Mollenhauer,​ Fulda  /D|7 Klappen-Flöte in C, Modell 'Boehm 1829'​|Mitte 19. Jhdt|Schubert:​|[[2004-73]]|
 +|[[2014SB-74]]|Rodolphe Greve, München ​ /D|7 Klappen-Flöte in C, Modell 'Boehm 1829'​|Mitte 19. Jhdt|Schubert:​|[[2014SB-74]]|
 +|[[2014SB-75]]|Rodolphe Greve, München ​ /D|7 Klappen-Flöte in C, Modell 'Boehm 1829'​|Mitte 19. Jhdt|
 +|[[2018-248]]|Peter Künzi, Thun  /CH|7 Klappen-Flöte in C, Modell 'Boehm 1829'​|um 1830|
 +|[[2004-76]]|Anton Kraus, Augsburg ​ /D|10 Klappen-Flöte in C|1848 - 1864|F. Mendelssohn|[[2004-76]]|
 +|[[2005-77]]|Heinrich Friedrich Meyer, Hannover ​ /D|10 Klappen-Flöte in C| um 1880|Grieg:​|[[2005-77]]|
 +|[[2018-251]]|Ad. Holzmann, Zürich ​ /CH|10 Klappen-Flöte in C|um 1900 (?)|F. Mendelssohn|[[2018-251]]|
 +|[[2010-78]]|Berthold & Söhne, Speyer ​ /D|8 Klappen-Flöte in C|um 1900|Rheinberger:​|[[2010-78]]||
 +|[[2018-261]]|Berthold,​ Speyer ​ /D|8 Klappen-Flöte in C|Mitte 19. Jhdt|F. Mendelssohn|[[2018-261]]|
 +|[[2018-266]]|Pentenrieder,​ München ​ /D| 8 Klappen-Flöte in C|um 1850|
 +|[[2011-79]]|V. Kohlert Söhne, Graslitz ​ /D|14 Klappen-Flöte in C, System Pupeschi|um 1900|
 +|[[2014SB-80]]|V. Kohlert Söhne, Graslitz ​ /D|10 Klappen-Flöte in C, Nr. 282865|anf. 20. Jhdt|
 +|[[2014SB-81]]|J. H. Zimmermann, Leipzig ​ /D|12 Klappen-Flöte in C|anf. 20. Jhdt|Popp|[[2014SB-81]]|
 +|[[2014SB-82]] D|Meinel und Herold, Klingenthal ​ /D|14 Klappen-Flöte in C|anf. 20. Jhdt|
 +|[[2014SB-83]]|A. S. Wolf, Hamburg ​ /D|10 Klappen-Flöte in C|um 1825|Mendelssohn|[[2014SB-83]]|
 +|[[2018-260]]|Euler,​ Frankfurt ​ /D|9 Klappen-Flöte in C|Mitte 19. Jhdt|Mendelssohn|[[2018-260]]|
 +|[[2020-262]]|Hch. Grenser, Dresden /D|7 Klappen-Flöte in C|um 1810|in Vorbereitung|
 +|[[2020-282]]|Heyl,​ Frankfurt ​ /D|10 Klappen-Flöte in C|Mitte 19. Jhdt|
 +|[[2020-285]]|Stengel,​ Bayreuth /D|9 Klappen-Flöte in C|Mitte 19. Jhdt|in Vorbereitung|
 +|[[2012-84]]|Stephan Koch, Wien  /A|8 Klappen-Flöte in C|um 1815|Beethoven:​|[[2012-84]]|
 +|[[2009-85]]|Johann Joseph Ziegler, Wien  /A|8 Klappen-Flöte in C|um 1850|
 +|[[2009-86]]|Johann Joseph Ziegler, Wien  /A|11 Klappen-Flöte in C|um 1870|
 +|[[2014SB-87]]|Johann Joseph Ziegler, Wien  /A|9 Klappen-Flöte in C|Mitte 19. Jhdt|
 +|[[2014SB-88]]|Johann Joseph Ziegler, Wien  /A|10 Klappen-Flöte in C|Mitte 19. Jhdt|Mozart:​|[[2014SB-88]]|
 +|[[2004-89]]|Anonym,​ Italien ​ /I|13 Klappen-Flöte in C, '​Wiener Stil'​|anf. 20. Jhdt|
 +|[[2006-90]]|Agostino Rampone, Milano ​ /I|11 Klappen-Flöte in C,'​Wiener Stil'​|anf. 20. Jhdt|
 +|[[2016-91]]|Agostino Rampone, Milano ​ /I|10 Klappen-Flöte in C, Neusilber, doppelwandige Konstruktion|um 1880|
 +|[[2010-92]]|Clair Godfroy ainé, Paris  /F|10 Klappen-Flöte in C|Mitte 19. Jhdt|in Vorbereitung|
 +|[[2005-93]]|Jérome Thibouville-Lamy,​ Paris  /F|10 Klappen-Flöte in C|um 1880|Pleyel:​|[[2005-93]]|
 +|[[2017-240]]|Tulou,​ Paris  /F|12 Klappen-Flöte in C, System 'Tulou perfectionnée'​|um 1852|Tulou|[[2017-240]]|
 +|[[2018-258]]|Nonon,​ Paris  /F|12 Klappen-Flöte in C, System 'Tulou perfectionnée'​|um 1860|Tulou|[[2018-258]]|
 +|[[2014SB-94]]|Triebert,​ Paris  /F|7 Klappen-Flöte in C|Mitte 19. Jhdt|J. Widerkehr:​|[[2014SB-94]]|
 +|[[2018-267]]| Truchot & Cie, Paris  /F|12 Klappen-Flöte in C|2. Hälfte 19. Jhdt|F. Mendelssohn|[[2018-267]]|
 +|[[2019-274]]|A. Ferry, Miecourt ​ /F|9 Klappen-Flöte in C| um 1850|
 +|[[2007-95]]|Anonym,​ Frankreich/​England ​ /F/GB|12 Klappen-Flöte in C| um 1877|
 +|[[2014SB-96]] D|Schuster und Co., Markneukirchen ​ /D|10 Klappen-Flöte in C|1. Drittel 20. Jhdt|
 +|[[2014SB-97]] D|Schuster & Co., Markneukirchen ​ /D|10 Klappen-Flöte in C|1. Drittel 20. Jhdt|
 +|[[2014SB-98]] D|HUG & Co., Zürich /CH |13 Klappen-Flöte in C| anf. 20.Jhdt|
 +|[[2014SB-99]] D|Anton Lutz, Wien  /A|12 Klappen-Flöte in C|um 1880|
 +|[[1984-100]] D|Anonym, Deutschland ​ /D|10 Klappen-Flöte in C| um 1920|
 +|[[2014SB-101]] D|Anonym, Deutschland ​ /D|10 Klappen-Flöten in C|um 1900|
 +|[[2014SB-102]] D|Anonym, Deutschland ​ /D|8 Klappen-Flöte in C|um 1900|
 +|[[2014SB-103]] D|Anonym, Deutschland ​ /D|12 Klappen-Flöte in C|um 1900|
 +|[[2010-104]] D|Anonym, Deutschland ​ /D|14 Klappen-Flöte in C|1. Drittel 20. Jhdt|
 +|[[2007-105]] D|Anonym, Deutschland ​ /D|8 Klappen-Flöte in C|Ende 19. Jhdt|
 +|[[2018-263]] D|Anonym, Deutschland ​ /D|8 Klappen-Flöte in C|Ende 19. Jhdt|
 +
 +
 +===== Multi-keyed flutes with cylindrical bore =====
 +
 +With the introduction of the cylindrical Boehm system flute around 1850 some manufacturers combined the conventional multi - keyed mechanism with a tube of cylindrical bore. However, with a few exceptions, this construction was restricted to simple metal flutes of French production for use in brass bands.
 +
 +|**Obj. No.**|**Manufacturer**|**Type of Instrument**|**Year of Manufacture**| + **Sound Sample**|
 +|[[2010-106]]|Rudall Carte & Co., London ​ /GB|8 Klappen-Flöte in C, zylindrisch,​ Modell '​Concert Flute'​|1893|in Vorbereitung|
 +|[[2014SB-107]]|Charles Mathieu, Paris  /F|5 Klappen-Flöte in C, zylindrisch,​ Neusilber|um 1900|
 +|[[2007-108]]|Foetisch Frères, Lausanne ​ /CH|8 Klappen-Flöte in C, zylindrisch,​ Neusilber|um 1900|
 +|[[2014SB-109]] D|Foetisch Frères, Lausanne ​ /CH|6 Klappen-Flöte in C, zylindrisch,​ Neusilber|um 1900|
 +
 +
 +===== Boehm flutes with conical bore (System Boehm 1832) =====
 +
 +Theobald Boehm (1794 - 1881) developed a new type of flute in 1832, which aimed for a higher volume, a more homogeneous sound and an improved intonation compared to the then current flutes. Boehm achieved this through a novel key system, which consists of almost exclusively open standing keys. This means that the tone holes below the lowest closed tone hole (usually) remain open and thus allow a strong and clear sound. Further features of the Bohm system are larger tone holes, their acoustically more correct positioning and a new fingering for the right hand (D-E-F, compared to the previous sequence D-E-F sharp). Thanks to ring keys and key levers, which are connected by axes, it has now been possible to open and close all 14 tone holes with the 9 available fingers. In addition, Boehm optimized the bore, but for the time being held on a conical tube with a cylindrical head joint.  ​
 +
 +|**Obj. No.**|**Manufacturer**|**Type of Instrument**|**Year of Manufacture**| + **Sound Sample**|
 +|[[2008-110]]|Rudall & Rose, London ​ /​GB|konische Ringklappen-Flöte in C, System Boehm 1832, Nr. 39|1843/​44|Elgar:​|[[2008-110]]|
 +|[[2009-111]]|Louis Lot, Paris  /F|konische Ringklappen-Flöte in C, System Boehm 1832, Nr. 5607|2. Hälfte 19. Jhdt|Fauré:​|[[2009-111]]|
 +|[[2014SB-112]]|Clair Godfroy ainé, Paris  /F|konische Ringklappen-Flöte in C, System Boehm 1832|Mitte 19. Jhdt|Fauré:​|[[2014SB-112]]|
 +|[[2014SB-113]]|Anonym,​ Frankreich ​ /F|konische Ringklappen-Flöte in C, System Boehm 1832|Mitte 19. Jhdt|F. Mendelssohn|[[2014SB-113]]|
 +|[[2006-114]]|Eugène Thibouville,​ Ivry-la-Bataille ​ /F|konische Ringklappen-Flöte in C, System Boehm 1832|Ende 19. Jhdt|F. Mendelssohn|[[2006-114]]|
 +|[[2014SB-115]]|Bühner & Keller, Strasbourg ​ /F|konische Ringklappen-Flöte in C, System Boehm 1832|um 1840|Massenet:​|[[2014SB-115]]|
 +|[[2013-116]]|J. M. Bürger, Strassburg ​ /D|konische Ringklappen-Flöte in C, System Boehm 1832|um 1900|Tillmetz|[[2013-116]]|
 +|[[2017-241]]|Rodolphe Greve, München ​ /D| konische Ringklappen-Flöte in C, System Boehm 1832|um 1850|Schubert|[[2017-241]]|
 +|[[2019-273]]|Dolmetsch,​ Mans /F|konische Ringklappen-Flöte in C, System Boehm 1832|um 1850 (?)|F. Mendelssohn|[[2019-273]]|
 +|[[2019-275]]|Triebert,​ Paris  /F|konische Ringklappen-Flöte in C, System Boehm 1832|um 1850 (?)|F. Mendelssohn|[[2019-275]]|
 +
 +
 +===== Boehm flutes with cylindrical bore (System Boehm 1847) =====
 +
 +In 1839, Theobald Boehm sold his workshop to his former employee Rudolph Greve (1806 - 1862) and spent several years working on other topics (including the improvement of iron smelting processes). From 1845 he again devoted himself to the flute, in order to improve some weaknesses of his conical flute (System 1832). After numerous acoustic experiments and calculations - together with his friend, the physicist C. E. Schafhäutl - Boehm changed the hitherto conical bore of the tube into a cylindrical and that of the head joint from a cylindrical into a so-called parabolic. He also recalculated the position and diameter of the sound holes. In addition, Boehm now preferred the use of metal instead of wood for the tubes, but continued to build instruments made of wood. In 1847 Boehm started the production of this new flute model under his name. In 1854 the watchmaker Carl Mendler (1833 - 1914) joined him as an employee, becoming partner in 1862 and producing now as Boehm & Mendler, under which name the workshop was active until 1888. 
 +
 +Boehm'​s models were also manufactured outside his own workshop in Munich. In 1847, he got a patent for his new cylindrical flute; in the same year,  he licensed the Société Godfroy fils et Lot in Paris and the London firm of  Rudall & Rose (later Rudall Carte & Co) for production of this model. Later, many other flute makers in Europe and USA took over Boehm'​s new concept. It established itself in the various countries at different speeds, but until the first third of the 20th century was accepted worldwide and has remained basically unchanged until today.
 +
 +Unless otherwise noted, all cylindrical Boehm flutes are built in three parts (head joint, corpus, foot joint) and comprise at least 15 keys (including trill keys for C/D + C sharp/D and C sharp/D sharp), and an additional lever for B or B flat. The key cups are closed or perforated; the thumb key for B is provided with an additional lever for B flat. The G key lies in a straight line with the remaining keys (= G inline), or slightly offset (= G offset). The G sharp key is open-standing or closed (in this case with an additional tone hole), or as so-called Dorus-G sharp with a special opening mechanism and on a separate external axis. Deviations from this basic scheme are specifically listed. ​
 +
 +|**Obj. No.**|**Manufacturer**|**Type of Instrument**|**Year of Manufacture**| + **Sound Sample**|
 +|[[2014SB-117]]|Louis Lot, Paris  /​F|Zylindrische Böhmflöte in C, Silber, Nr. 263|1857| Fauré:​| ​ [[2014SB-117]]|
 +|[[2014SB-118]]|Louis Lot, Paris  /​F|Zylindrische Böhmflöte in C, Holz, Nr. 351/​1215|1859/​1868|Fauré:​| ​ [[2014SB-118]]|
 +|[[2014SB-119]]|Louis Lot, Paris  /​F|Zylindrische Böhmflöte in C, Silber, Nr. 606|1862|Gaubert:​|[[2014SB-119]]|
 +|[[2014SB-120]]|Louis Lot, Paris  /​F|Zylindrische Böhmflöte in C, Silber, Nr. 1364|1869|Saint-Saens:​| ​ [[2014SB-120]]|
 +|[[2014SB-121]]|Louis Lot, Paris  /​F|Zylindrische Böhmflöte in C, Neusilber, Nr. 3054|1881|Bizet:​| ​ [[2014SB-121]]|
 +|[[2014SB-122]]|Louis Lot, Paris  /​F|Zylindrische Böhmflöte in C, Silber/​Neusilber,​ Nr. 5078|1891|Fauré|[[2014SB-122]]|
 +|[[2008-123]]|Louis Lot, Paris  /​F|Zylindrische Böhmflöte in C, Silber, Nr. 6904|1901|Debussy:​|[[2008-123]]|
 +|[[2017-124]]|Louis Lot, Paris  /​F|Zylindrische Böhmflöte in C, Silber, Nr. 9268|1923|Caplet|[[2017-124]]|
 +|[[2008-125]]|Louis Lot, Paris  /​F|Zylindrische Böhmflöte in C,Silber, Nr. 10'​388|1948|Bonis|[[2008-125]]|
 +|[[2005-126]]|Auguste Buffet //dit// jeune, Paris  /​F|Zylindrische Böhmflöte in C, Neusilber|2. Hälfte 19. Jhdt|Godard:​|[[2005-126]]|
 +|[[2008-127]]|Auguste Bonneville, Paris  /​F|Zylindrische Böhmflöte in C,Silber, Nr. 2645|um 1900|Godard:​|[[2008-127]]|
 +|[[2014SB-128]]|Auguste Bonneville, Paris  /​F|Zylindrische Böhmflöte in C, Neusilber, Nr. 2350|um 1900|Gaubert|[[2014SB-128]]|
 +|[[2010-129]]|Florentin Barbier, Paris  /​F|Zylindrische Böhmflöte in C, Silber|um 1900|Fauré:​|[[2010-129]]|
 +|[[2014SB-130]]|Florentin Barbier / Couesnon & Cie, Paris  /F| Zylindrische Böhmflöte in C, mit quadratischem Korpus, Neusilber, Nr. 891|um 1900|Widor|[[2014SB-130]]|
 +|[[2018-254]]|Claude Rive, Paris /​F|Zylindrische Böhmflöte in C, Silber, Nr. 743|ca. 1892|Gaubert|[[2018-254]]|
 +|[[2019-280]]|E. Debonneetbeau Fils, Paris /F| Zylindrische Böhmflöte in C, Neusilber, Nr. 586| um 1900|Debussy|[[2019-280]]|
 +|[[2014-131]]|L. L. Lebret, Paris  /​​F|Zylindrische Böhmflöte in C, Neusilber, Nr. 2603|um 1925|Fauré:​|[[2014-131]]|  ​
 +|[[2009-132]]|L. L. Lebret, Paris  /​​F|Zylindrische Böhmflöte in C, Neusilber, Nr. 4007|um 1940|  ​
 +|[[2015-133]] D|L. L. Lebret, Paris  /​​F|Zylindrische Böhmflöte in C, Neusilber, Nr. 4841|um 1952|  ​
 +|[[2005-134]] D|L. L. Lebret, Paris  /​​F|Zylindrische Böhmflöte in C, Neusilber|nach 1950 (?)|  
 +|[[2006-135]]|Couesnon & Cie, Paris  /​​F|Zylindrische Böhmflöte in C, Modell Marcel Moyse, Neusilber, Nr. 30981|1. Hälfte 20. Jhdt|Fauré:​​|[[2006-135]]|  ​
 +|[[2012-136]] D|Couesnon & Cie, Paris  /​​F|Zylindrische Böhmflöte in C, Modell Marcel Moyse, Neusilber|1. Hälfte 20. Jhdt|
 +|[[2008-137]]|Henri Selmer, Paris  /​F|Zylindrische Böhmflöte in C, Silber, Nr. 1324|um 1930|Honegger|[[2008-137]]|
 +|[[2015-138]]|Marigaux S.M.L., Paris  /​F|Zylindrische Böhmflöte in C, Silber, Nr. 2245| um 1955|
 +|[[2008-139]] D|Au Diapason, Paris  /​F|Zylindrische Böhmflöte in C, Neusilber, mit Ringklappen|anf. 20. Jhdt|
 +|[[2016-140]]|Couesnon & Cie., Paris  /​F|Zylindrische Böhmflöte in C, Neusilber, mit Ringklappen| anf. 20. Jhdt|
 +|[[2018-246]]|Djalma Julliot, La Couture-Boussey ​ /F| Zylindrische Böhmflöte in C, Holz, mit Metallkopf, Nr. 2791|um 1928|Fauré|[[2018-246]]|
 +|[[2019-270]]|Djalma Julliot, La Couture-Bousey ​  /F| Zylindrische Böhmflöte in C, Neusilber, Nr. 4316 | um 1938|
 +|[[2018-264]] D|Buffet-Crampon,​ Paris  /​F|Zylindrische Böhmflöte in C, Neusilber| Mitte 20. Jhdt|
 +|[[2018-265]]|Buffet-Crampon,​ Paris  /​F|Zylindrische Böhmflöte in C, Neusilber, Nr. 173| um 1880|Widor|[[2018-265]]|
 +|[[2014SB-141]]|Buffet - Crampon, Paris  /​F|Zylindrische Böhmflöte in C, Holz|um 1900|
 +|[[2006-142]]|Boehm & Mendler, München ​ /​D|Zylindrische Böhmflöte in C, Holz|um 1870|Schubert|[[2006-142]]|
 +|[[1996-143]]|V. Kohlert Söhne, Graslitz ​ /​D|Zylindrische Böhmflöte in C, Holz|anf. 20. Jhdt|Reger|[[1996-143]]|
 +|[[2007-144]]|Otto Mönnig, Leipzig ​ /​D|Zylindrische Böhmflöte in C, Holz, Modell '​Orthoton'​ Nr. 6682|1. Hälfte 20. Jhdt|
 +|[[2014SB-145]]|Otto Mönnig, Leipzig ​ /​D|Zylindrische Böhmflöte in C, Holz, Modell '​Orthoton'​ Nr. 424|1. Drittel 20. Jhdt|Rheinberger:​|[[2014SB-145]]|
 +|[[2017-244]]|Otto Mönnig, Leipzig /​D|Zylindrische Böhmflöte in C, Holz, Modell '​Orthoton'​ Nr. 609|1. Drittel 20. Jhdt|
 +|[[2018-252]]|Moritz Max Mönnig, Leipzig /​D|Zylindrische Böhmflöte in C, Silber, Nr. 4841| um 1960 (?)|
 +|[[2014SB-146]]|Adler & Co., Markneukirchen ​ /​D|Zylindrische Böhmflöte in C, Holz|um 1900|Jadassohn|[[2014SB-146]]|
 +|[[2019-272]]|E. Rittershausen,​ Berlin /D| Zylindrische Böhmflöte in C, Holz, Nr. 3357 |um 1900|J. Andersen|[[2019-272]]|
 +|[[2019-271 D]]|J. H. Zimmermann, Leipzig /​D|Zylindrische Böhmflöte in C, Holz, Nr. 2306| um 1900 (?)|
 +|[[2014SB-147]]|Johannes Hammig, Freiburg i. Br.  /​D|Zylindrische Böhmflöte in C, Silber vergoldet, Nr. 1131|um 1968|
 +|[[2006-148]]|August Richard Hammig, Markneukirchen ​ /​D|Zylindrische Böhmflöte in C, Silber, Nr.4009|um 1960|Camillo Schumann|[[2006-148]]|
 +|[[2014SB-149]]|Philipp Hammig, Markneukirchen /​D|Zylindrische Böhmflöte in C, Silber, Nr. 5257| 1969|
 +|[[2008-150]]|Gerhard Rudolf Uebel, Wohlhausen / Vogtland ​ /​D|Zylindrische Böhmflöte in C, Aluminium, Nr. 1151|1967|Camillo Schumann|[[2008-150]]|
 +|[[2015-151]]|Alfred G. Badger, New York  /​USA|Zylindrische Böhmflöte in C, Silber|um 1880|Dvorak|[[2015-151]]|
 +|[[1968-152]]|Wm. S. Haynes Co., Boston ​ /​USA|Zylindrische Böhmflöte in C, Silber, Nr. 36'​593|1968|
 +|[[2014SB-153]]|K. G. Gemeinhardt,​ Elkhart, Ind.  /​USA|Zylindrische Böhmflöte in C, Neusilber, Nr. 111'​221|um 1962|
 +|[[2014SB-154]]|Brannen - Cooper, Boston ​ /​USA|Zylindrische Böhmflöte in C, Gold / Silber, Nr. 2235|1994|
 +|[[2014SB-155]]|Rudall Carte & Co., London ​ /​GB|Zylindrische Böhmflöte in C, Holz, Nr. 5667|1914|Elgar|[[2014SB-155]]|
 +|[[2009-156]]|Rudall Carte & Co., London ​ /​GB|Zylindrische Böhmflöte in C, Holz, Nr. 34'​715|1902/​1935|Elgar|[[2009-156]]|
 +|[[2009-157]]|Rudall Carte & Co., London ​ /​GB|Zylindrische Böhmflöte in C, Ebonite, Nr. 1924, Modell Rockstro|1889|Elgar|[[2009-157]]|
 +|[[2020-281]]|Rudall Carte & Co., London ​ /​GB|Zylindrische Böhmflöte in C, Holz, Nr. 4723|1911|
 +|[[2018-247]]|Barlassina & Billoro, Milano ​  /​I|Zylindrische Böhmflöte in C, H-Fuss, Silber, Nr. 1031| um 1910|Briccialdi|[[2018-247]]|
 +
 +===== Various systems =====
 +
 +Theobald Boehm'​​s new system found considerable resistance in some places. While some flutists complained that the new instrument had lost the '​​real',​​ sweet sound of flutes, the new fingering system found resistance in others. To counter these latter reservations from their customers, innovative flute makers - often self-practicing flautists - developed alternative key  systems that kept the familiar fingerings of the conventional multi-keyed flute as far as possible, without neglecting the new achievements of the Boehm system – what means its strong and homogeneous sound through the ‘parabolic’ and cylindrical bore as well as through the size and positioning of the tone holes. Primarily it was Richard Carte (1808 - 1891) with his company Rudall Carte & Co., who produced various such '​​hybrid'​​ models. Some flute makers clinged to the conical bore and developed other systems, as e.g. in Germany the so-called '​​reform flute'​​. However, history shows that Boehm'​​s system of 1847 ultimately prevailed and has remained practically unchanged until today.
 +
 +
 +|**Obj. No.**|**Manufacturer**|**Type of Instrument**|**Year of Manufacture**| + **Sound Sample**|
 +|[[2005-158]]|Rudall Carte & Co., London /​GB|Zylindrische Flöte in C, Silber, Nr. 3477, Modell Patent 1851|um 1903|Elgar|[[2005-158]]|
 +|[[2005-159]]|Rudall Carte & Co., London /​GB|Zylindrische Flöte in C, Holz, Nr. 3022, Modell Patent 1867|1898|Elgar|[[2005-159]]|
 +|[[2010-160]]|Rudall Carte & Co., London /​GB|Zylindrische Flöte in C, Holz, Modell Radcliff|um 1875|Elgar|[[2010-160]]|
 +|[[2009-161]]|Rudall Carte & Co., London /​GB|Zylindrische Flöte in A, Holz, Nr. 6735, Modell Guard|1921|
 +|[[2017-242]]|Rudall Carte & Co., London /​GB|Zylindrische Flöte in C, Silber, Nr. 1675, Modell 'Old System'​|1887|
 +|[[2005-162]]|Anonym,​ England /​GB|Zylindrische Flöte in C, Holz, System 'Old System'​|um 1900|
 +|[[2005-163]]|Boosey & Co., London /​GB|Zylindrische Flöte in C, Ebonite, Nr. 21'​547,​ System 'Old System'​|1921|
 +|[[2019-268]]|Boosey & Co., London /​GB|Zylindrische Flöte in C, Holz, Nr. 7867, System '​Pratten'​s Perfected'​|1866|
 +|[[2014SB-164]] D|Jérome Thibouville-Lamy,​ London /​GB|Zylindrische Flöte in C, Holz, System 'Old System'​|um 1900|
 +|[[2012-165]]|Abel Siccama, London /​GB|Zylindrische Flöte in C, Holz, Nr. 930, System Siccama|um 1860|Foster:​|[[2012-165]]|
 +|[[2004-166]] D|Anonym, England /​GB|Zylindrische Flöte in C, Holz, System Siccama|um 1900|
 +|[[2004-167]]|Henry Potter, London /​GB|Konische Flöte in B (?), 'Bass Flute',​ Holz, System Siccama|um 1880|
 +|[[2010-168]]|John Clinton, London /​GB|Konische Flöte in C, Holz, Nr. 3035, Modell '​Equisonant'​|um 1860|Clinton:​|[[2010-168]]|
 +|[[2010-169]]|Joseph Wallis & Son, London /​GB|Zylindrische Flöte in C, Ebonite, System Giorgi|um 1900|
 +|[[2012-170]]| Jim Schmidt, Sanger, CA /​USA|Zylindrische Flöte in C, Silber, '​Linear Fingering System'​|1987|
 +|[[2006-171]]|Friedrich A. Lederer, Schöneck /D|Konische Flöte in C, Holz, Typus Reformflöte nach Schwedler|anf. 20. Jhdt|
 +|[[2008-172]]|Carl Kruspe, Leipzig /D|Konische Flöte in C, Holz, Reformflöte System Schwedler-Kruspe 1898| um 1910|Reger|[[2008-172]]|
 +|[[2008-173]]|Moritz Max Mönnig, Leipzig /D|Konische Flöte in C, Holz, Reformflöte System Schwedler-Mönnig 1921|um 1925|Tchaikovsky|[[2008-173]]|
 +
 +
 +
 +===== Head Joints ===== 
 +
 +
 +|**Obj. No.**|**Manufacturer**|**Type of Instrument**|**Year of Manufacture**| + **Sound Sample**|
 +|[[2014SB-174]]|Louis Lot, Paris /​F|Kopfstück System Böhm 1847, Silber vergoldet, Nr. 2498| um 1878|
 +|[[2014SB-175]]|Louis Lot, Paris /​F|Kopfstück System Böhm 1847, Silber, Nr. 7208|um 1903|
 +|[[2014SB-176]]|Clair Godfroy ainé, Paris /​F|Kopfstück System Böhm 1847, Silber, Nr. 1016| um 1866|Reger|[[2008-172]]|
 +|[[2014SB-177]] D|Anonym, Frankreich (?) /​F|Kopfstück System Böhm 1847, Neusilber|20. Jhdt (?)|
 +|[[2014SB-178]] D|Anonym, Frankreich (?) /​F|Kopfstück System Böhm 1847, Neusilber|20. Jhdt (?)|
 +|[[2014SB-179]]|Anonym,​ Frankreich (?) /​F|Kopfstück System Böhm 1847, Neusilber|20. Jhdt (?)|
 +|[[2014SB-180]]|Rudall Carte & Co., London /​GB|Kopfstück System Böhm 1847, Holz|1. Hälfte 20. Jhdt|
 +|[[2014SB-181]]|Rudall Carte & Co., London /​GB|Kopfstück System Böhm 1847, Holz|1. Hälfte 20. Jhdt|
 +|[[2014SB-182]]|Anonym,​ England /​GB|Kopfstück System Böhm 1847, Holz|1. Hälfte 20. Jhdt|
 +|[[2014SB-183]]|J.R.Lafin,​ Lörrach /​D|Kopfstück System Böhm 1847, Gold 18 ct|1991|
 +|[[1992-184]]|J.R.Lafin,​ Lörrach /​D|Kopfstück System Böhm 1847, Silber, Mundplatte Gold 14 ct|1992|
 +|[[2014SB-185]]|Otto Mönnig, Leipzig /​D|Kopfstück System Böhm 1847, Modell '​Orthoton',​ Holz|1. Hälfte 20. Jhdt|
 +|[[2014SB-186]]|Anonym,​ Deutschland /​D|Kopfstück für Mehrklappen-Flöte,​ Elfenbein|um 1900 (?)|
 +|[[2014SB-223]]|Louis Lot, Paris /​F|Kopfstück für Piccolo-Flöte,​ Holz|1. Hälfte 20. Jhdt (?)|
 +|[[2014SB-224]]|Louis Lot, Paris /​F|Kopfstück für Piccolo-Flöte,​ Neusilber|1. Hälfte 20. Jhdt (?)|
 +
 +
 +===== Third flutes =====
 +  
 +The third flute in E flat stands a third higher than the usual flute in C: fingering C produces E flat. The earliest 1keyed conical third flutes were built around 1720 by the famous Nuremberg instrument maker Jacob Denner. In the 19. century, 4-5 further keys were added. Some instruments were also built in the form of walking sticks flutes (s. [[2007-197]]). Rather rarely, third flutes were also built according to Boehm'​​s systems of 1832 (conical bore, see [[2005-195]]) and 1847 (cylindrical bore). However, the third flute could hardly establish itself as a solo instrument and the number of original compositions is very small. Probably it played its most important role in military bands and folklore ensembles. ​
 +                                       
 +//Source: Peter Thalheimer, Die Terzflöte in Es. Baugeschichte,​​ Repertoire und Spielpraxis. Musica instrumentalis vol. 3, Nürnberg 2001//
 +
 +
 +|**Obj. Nr.**|**Hersteller**|**Instrument**|**Herstellungs-Jahr**| + **Klang-Beispiel**|
 +|**Obj. No.**|**Manufacturer**|**Type of Instrument**|**Year of Manufacture**|**Sound Sample**| ​
 +|[[2013-187]]|Peter Künzi, Thun /CH|1 Klappen-Terzflöte in Es, Holz|1. Hälfte 19. Jhdt|
 +|[[2004-188]]|Simoutre,​ Basel /CH|6 Klappen-Terzflöte in Es, Holz|2. Hälfte 19. Jhdt|
 +|[[2014SB-189]]|Thibouville-Buffet,​ Paris /F|5 Klappen-Terzflöte in Es, Holz|2. Hälfte 19. Jhdt|
 +|[[2014SB-190]]|Anonym,​ Deutschland /D|6 Klappen-Terzflöte in Es, Holz|1. Hälfte 19. Jhdt|
 +|[[2014SB-191]] D|Eugène Thibouville,​ Ivry-la-Bataille /F|6 Klappen-Terzflöte in Es, Holz|Ende 19. Jhdt|
 +|[[2014SB-192]] D|Gautrot ainé, Paris /F|4 Klappen-Terzflötein Es, Holz|2. Hälfte 19. Jhdt|
 +|[[2014SB-193]] D|Laberte-Humbert,​ Paris /F|5 Klappen-Terzflöte in Es, Holz|um 1900 (?)|
 +|[[2004-194]]|Anonym,​ England /GB|6 Klappen-Terzflöte in Es, Neusilber|1. Hälfte 20. Jhdt (?)|
 +|[[2005-195]]|Buffet-Crampon & Cie., Paris /F|Konische Ringklappen-Terzflöte in Es, System Böhm 1832, Holz|2 Hälfte 19. Jhdt|
 +|[[2010-243]]|S.M.,​ Japan  /​J|Zylindrische 3 Klappen-Quartflöte in F, Neusilber|Mitte 20. Jhdt (?)|
 +
 +
 +===== Walking-stick flutes =====
 +
 +Walking-stick flutes were in great fashion in the 19th century, especially in Germany, Austria and England. They allowed the gallant gentleman to turn his walking-stick into a musical instrument. Corresponding sticks with built-in recorder / csakan, clarinet or violin are known. Particularly sophisticated walking-sticks were equipped with several instruments,​​ additional gadgets (e.g. telescope; lens), keys imitating wooden knots, etc.
 +
 +
 +|**Obj. No.**|**Manufacturer**|**Type of Instrument**|**Year of Manufacture**| + **Sound Sample**| ​
 +|[[2009-196]]|Baumann,​ Paris /F|Konische 1 Klappen-Stockflöte in C, Holz|Anf. 19. Jhdt|
 +|[[2007-197]]|Anonym,​ Deutschland /D|Konische 4 Klappen-Stockflöte in E oder Es (?), Holz|Ende 19. Jhdt (?)|
 +|[[2006-198]]|Martin Meyer, Zürich /​CH|Zylindrische Kolbenflöte in Form eines Blindenstockes,​ Holz/​Metall|2006|
 +
 +
 +===== Piccolo flutes =====
 +
 +The term Piccolo was not used in France until the beginning of the 19th century. It described the "​​petite flûte à l'​​octave",​​ which appeared around 1700 as "​​little sister"​​ of the conical 1-keyed flute which was in use at the court of Louis XIV. Starting from 1730, the 1-keyed ‘petite flûte’ was increasingly taken into account in the French music, and by the end of the century also replaced the traditional keyless fifre (fife) in the French army. The evolution of the large flute from the 1-keyed to the multi-keyed instrument, and finally to the Boehm system, was followed by the piccolo as well, but many folklore groups deliberately adhere to their simple 1-keyed models. ​
 +
 +//Quelle: Ulrich Halder, Schwegel, Zwerch- und Schweitzerpfeiff – eine kuze Geschichte der kurzen Flöte. Glareana Heft 1/2 , Basel 2009 ( S. 4 – 28)//
 +
 +
 +
 +===== Piccolo Flutes with 1 to several keys =====
 +
 +|**Obj. No.**| **Manufacturer**| **Type of Instrument**| **Year of Manufacture**| + **Sound Sample**| ​
 +|[[2014-199]]| Claude Laurent, Paris /F| 1 Klappen - Piccoloflöte in C, Kristallglas|1812|
 +|[[206-200]]|Anonym,​ Frankreich /F|1 Klappen-Piccoloflöte in Des, Holz|um 1800 (?)|
 +|[[2010-201]]|Anonym,​ Deutschland /D|1 Klappen-Piccoloflöte in Des, Holz|1. Drittel 20. Jhdt|
 +|[[2014SB-202]]|F. X. Kaiser, Zug /CH|1 Klappen-Piccoloflöte in C, Holz|1. Hälfte 19. Jhdt|
 +|[[2019-276]]|Anonym,​ Frankreich /F|1 Klappen-Piccoloflöte in C, Holz, 3 corps de rechange|19. Jhdt|
 +|[[2005-203]]|Anonym,​ England /GB|1 Klappen – Piccoloflöte in C / '​Whistle'​ in Des, Holz|2. Hälfte 19. Jhdt (?)|
 +|[[2009-204]]|Buffet-Crampon & Cie., Paris /F|6 Klappen-Piccoloflöte in C, Holz|um 1900|
 +|[[2014SB-205]]|Tulou,​ Paris /F|5 Klappen-Piccoloflöte in C, Holz|Mitte 19. Jhdt|
 +|[[2014SB-206]]|Ch. G. Geisler, Amsterdam /NL|4 Klappen-Piccoloflöte in Es, Holz|Mitte 19. Jhdt|
 +|[[2004-207]]|HUG & Co., Basel /CH|6 Klappen-Piccoloflöte in C, Holz|anf. 20. Jhdt|
 +|[[2004-208]]|E. Oesch, Basel /CH|6 Klappen-Piccoloflöte in C, '​Basler Piccolo',​ Holz mit Metallkopf|um 1985|
 +|[[2010-209]]|Anonym,​ Deutschland /D|4 Klappen-Piccoloflöte in C, Holz|1. Hälfte 20. Jhdt|
 +|[[2014SB-210]]|Anonym,​ Deutschland /D|6 Klappen-Piccoloflöte in Des, Holz mit Elfenbeinkopf|2. Hälfte 19. Jhdt ?|
 +|[[2010-211]] D|Anonym, Deutschland /D|6 Klappen-Piccoloflöte in C, Holz mit Metallkopf|1. Hälfte 20. Jhdt ?|
 +|[[2008-212]] D|Anonym, Deutschland /D|6 Klappen-Piccoloflöte in C, Holz|1. Hälfte 20. Jhdt ?|
 +|[[2014SB-213]] D|Anonym, Deutschland /D|6 Klappen-Piccoloflöte in C, Holz|1. Hälfte 20. Jhdt ?|
 +|[[2014SB-214]] D|Anonym, Frankreich /F|4 Klappen-Piccoloflöte in Des, Holz|2. Hälfte 19. Jhdt ?|
 +|[[2004-215]] D|Anonym, Herkunftsland ?|1 Klappen-Piccoloflöte in C, Holz|2. Hälfte 19. Jhdt ?|
 +
 +
 +===== Piccolo Flutes with Boehm System =====
 +
 +|**Obj. No.**|**Manufacturer**|**Type of Instrument**|**Year of Manufacture**| + **Sound Sample**|
 +|[[2010-216]]|Claude Rive (Suc. A. Robert), Paris /F|Konische Piccoloflöte in C, Syst. Böhm, Ringklappen,​ Holz|1. Drittel 20. Jhdt|
 +|[[2014SB-217]]|Auguste Bonneville, Paris /F|Konische Piccoloflöte in C, Syst. Böhm, Ringklappen,​ Holz, Nr. 3350|um 1910|
 +|[[2014SB-218]]|Barlassina & Billoro, Milano /​I|Zylindrische Piccoloflöte in C, Syst. Böhm, Silber|1. Drittel 20. Jhdt|
 +|[[2014SB-219]]|Luigi Vanotti, Milano /​I|Zylindrische Piccoloflöte in C, Syst. Böhm, Neusilber, Nr. 2799|1. Drittel 20. Jhdt|
 +|[[2008-220]]|Wm. S. Haynes, Boston /​USA|Konische Piccoloflöte in C, Syst. Böhm, Silber, Nr. 33'​235|1965|
 +|[[2014SB-221]] D|Gemeinhardt Inc., Elkhart, Indiana /​USA|Konische Piccoloflöte in C, Syst. Böhm, Neusilber, Nr. 4683|Mitte 20. Jhdt|
 +|[[2009-222]]|Moritz Max Mönnig, Leipzig /D|Konische Piccoloflöte in C, Syst. Schwedler-Mönnig Reformflöte,​ Holz mit Metallkopf|um 1925|
 +
 +
 +===== Schwegel and Fifes =====
 +
 +The names for flutes played in a transverse position are not uniform and vary according to the time period, cultural region and use. Nowadays, high pitched keyless transverse flutes with a cylindrical or conical, in any case narrow bore are commonly referred to as fifes. Their origins can be traced back to the Middle Ages, where they were used – mostly ​ in close partnership with the drum – to  entertain, motivate and discipline military troops during march, combat and camp life, but also to accompany religious and governmental ceremonies (e.g. processions;​​ parades) and social events (e.g. dancing) or to contribute to all sorts of ‘Hausmusik’ (e.g. '​​Schwegeln'​​ in the Eastern Alps). Even though today the simple fife has often been displaced by the keyed  piccolo flute, the ‘small flute’ in all its varieties still does not deny its military and ceremonial origin and plays its role, often together with drums and other percussion instruments,​​ in a large variety of ethnic and patriotic events: in American fife and drum corps, Irish flute bands, the Basel Carneval, German ‘Spielmannszüge’,​​ etc. 
 +
 +//Source: Ulrich Halder, Schwegel, Zwerch- und Schweitzerpfeiff. Eine kurze Geschichte der kurzen Flöte. In: Glareana 1/2, 2009// ​
 +
 +
 +|**Obj. No.**|**Manufacturer**|**Type of Instrument**|**Year of Manufacture**| + **Sound Sample**| ​
 +|[[2005-225]]|Hausa Schmidl, Treffen/​Villach /​A|Konischer Schwegel in Es|um 1980|
 +|[[2007-226]]|Karl Wyssen, Brig /​CH|Walliser Natwärischpfeife in As|um 1995|
 +|[[2009-227]] D|Karl Wyssen, Brig /CH|Neue Schweizerpfeife,​ Prototyp|um 2007|
 +|[[2016-228]]|Thomas Fehr, Gähwil /CH|Neue Schweizerpfeife in B, Modell 2013|2016|
 +|[[2009-229]]|Edouard Sommer, Valais /​CH|Zylindrische Pfeife in Des; Aluminium|um 1950|
 +|[[2014SB-230]]|Oscar Adler & Co., Markneukirchen /D|Konische Trommelpfeife in Des, Modell SONORA, mit Tragköcher und Anblashilfe|1. Hälfte 20. Jhdt|
 +|[[2005-231]] D|Anonym, Deutschland /D|Konische Trommelpfeife in B|1. Hälfte 20. Jhdt|
 +|[[2014SB-232]] D|Anonym, Deutschland /D|Konische Trommelpfeife in B|1. Hälfte 20. Jhdt|
 +|[[2008-233]]|VEB Sinfonia, Markneukirchen /D|Konische Trommelflöte in B; Pastalit|2. Hälfte 20. Jhdt|
 +|[[2009-234]]|Hammerschmidt,​ Burgau /D|Konische Pfeife in Des, Modell KLINGSON|um 1980|
 +|[[2010-235]]|George Cloos, New York /​USA|Konische Pfeife in As, Modell CROSBY|1. Hälfte 20. Jhdt|
 +|[[2018-255]]|Erich Sandner, Glatten /​D|Zylindrische Pfeife in C, Modell '​Zauberflöte',​ Metall| um 2000|
 +|[[2018-256]]|Ed Ferrary, Connecticut ​ /​USA|Konische Pfeife in B|um 1980|
 +|[[2018-257]]|Anonym,​ Nordamerika /​USA|Zylindrische Pfeife in B, Kunststoff| um 1980|
 +
 +
 +===== Alto and Bass flutes =====
 +
 +
 +Flutes of the low register are known under different names and in different pitches since the Renaissance. As an example, the so-called ‘flauto d’amore’ in A or B was a popular ensemble instrument in the 18th and 19th century. These instruments had a conical bore and one or more keys. The cylindrical Alto flute in G of today goes back Theobald Boehm, who began to design it following the invention of his C flute (1847) and sold the first examples in 1858. Boehm'​​s instrument followed the concept of his C flute, albeit in larger dimensions (for example, tube diameter 26 mm, tone holes 19.3 mm) and with modified keywork especially in the left hand to facilitate the fingering. ​ His Alto flutes were made in metal as well as in wood, but altogether only in small numbers. His concept of the Alto flute was later taken over by numerous other producers, but mostly with more conventional mechanics and a smaller tube diameter. As in its cylindrical C flutes, Rudall Carte & Co. also built the Alto flute in several of their ‘hybrid’ fingering systems.
 +
 +Bass flutes in C - they play an octave lower than the '​​normal'​​ C flute - have already been described by Agricola (1528) and Mersenne (1637). Several instruments from the 18th century have been preserved, built among others by Beuker, Amsterdam and the French instrument makers Thomas Lot and Charles Delusse. In order to be able to hold the heavy instrument better, the flutist Abelardo Albis, Milano designed a flute to be played in a vertical position. This so-called '​​Albisiphone'​​ followed the Böhm-System,​​ had an almost horn-like sound and had its appearance in some Italian operas of the early 20th century. Despite their considerable weight, today'​​s bass flutes are usually played in the conventional horizontal manner. The instrument is mainly used in ensembles; solo literature is rare and mostly from contemporary composers, often with experimental character and using electronic devices for special tonal effects. ​
 +
 +
 + 
 +|**Obj. No.**|**Manufacturer**|**Type of Instrument**|**Year of Manufacture**| + **Sound Sample**|
 +|[[2011-236]]|Rudall Carte & Co., London /​GB|Zylindrische Altflöte in G, System Böhm, Silber, Nr. 6682|1924|Schubert|[[2011-236]]|
 +|[[2014-237]]|F. Hofinger, Bruxelles /​B|Zylindrische Altflöte in G, System Böhm, Neusilber|um 1950|
 +|[[2014SB-238]]|R. Leblond, Paris /​F|Zylindrische Altflöte in G, System Böhm, Neusilber|1. Hälfte 20. Jhdt|
 +|[[2014SB-239]]|Hernals,​ Tokyo /​J|Zylindrische Altflöte in G, System Böhm, Neusilber|um 1980|
 +|[[2017-245]]|Werner Wetzel, Berlin /​D|Zylindrische Bassflöte in C, System Böhm, Neusilber, Nr. 951|um 1970|
 +
 +